Two-Phase Liquid Cooling for Data Centers

This technical report discusses the challenges faced by data center operators due to increasing energy demands, particularly from artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. It outlines how two-phase direct-to-chip (2PD2C) liquid cooling has emerged as a promising solution to address these challenges. The report details the inefficiencies of traditional air cooling methods and explains how liquid cooling is more effective in managing heat from high-wattage processors. It further distinguishes between different types of liquid cooling, including immersion and direct-to-chip methods, and emphasizes the advantages of 2PD2C, such as greater cooling efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The report also addresses concerns regarding the environmental impact of certain coolants used in these systems. It concludes by highlighting the anticipated growth of liquid cooling in the data center market, projecting that it will capture a significant share by 2028, as operators seek to future-proof their facilities against rising power demands.