Cargo Liquefaction and Dynamic Separation Risks

This technical report outlines the risks associated with cargo liquefaction and dynamic separation on bulk carriers, particularly focusing on commodity cargoes like nickel ore, iron ore, and bauxite. It details the mechanisms of liquefaction, where cargo particles lose cohesion due to increased water pressure caused by vessel vibrations, leading to a liquid-like state that can compromise ship stability. The report cites casualties from cargo liquefaction incidents between 2012 and 2021, highlighting specific cases where vessels sank or capsized, resulting in loss of life. Furthermore, it explains the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code (IMSBC Code), which provides guidelines for the safe stowage and shipment of solid bulk cargoes, emphasizing the importance of moisture content checks and the Transportable Moisture Limit (TML). The report also discusses the inadequacies of current testing methods for TML and the potential risks posed by environmental conditions, particularly in developing countries. Precautions for safe loading and handling of susceptible cargoes are also addressed.