Facilitating Data Flows Across ASEAN Challenges and Policy Directions

This research paper examines the challenges and policy directions related to cross-border data flows within the ASEAN region. It addresses the growing importance of personal data protection amid the rapid expansion of the digital economy, which has nearly doubled in size from 2019 to 2022. The study analyzes the regulatory landscape governing data transfers, focusing on compliance challenges faced by businesses, particularly small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It evaluates the effectiveness of mechanisms like ASEAN model contractual clauses and the interoperability of national laws. The paper also discusses the influence of external factors, such as trade agreements, on ASEAN's data transfer regulations. A policy roadmap is proposed to enhance data flow facilitation, emphasizing the need for clearer regulations and closer collaboration between governments and industries. The paper draws on qualitative analyses of laws and interviews with businesses to provide comprehensive insights into the current state and future directions of data governance in the region.