Security Challenges in V2X Communications

This technical report examines the security challenges associated with Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications, a technology that enables vehicles to interact with various entities to enhance road safety and support autonomous driving. The report outlines the importance of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) in the V2X ecosystem and discusses potential threats and attack surfaces. It details the components of a typical V2X ecosystem, including On-Board Units (OBUs) and Roadside Units (RSUs), and the various communication types such as Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), and Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P). The report also highlights the security features necessary for V2X communication, such as message signing, replay protection, and plausibility validation. Furthermore, it identifies vulnerabilities within the V2X network, including potential attacks like Denial of Service (DoS) and false data injection, emphasizing the critical need for robust security measures to ensure safe and reliable interactions within the V2X framework.