Real-Time Restoration Framework for ECU Firmware

This technical report presents a framework designed for the real-time restoration of compromised electronic control unit (ECU) firmware in connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs). As CAVs become increasingly prevalent, they face heightened risks from cyber threats, particularly attacks that compromise ECU firmware through malicious code injection. The proposed framework integrates existing intrusion detection systems with a firmware recovery mechanism utilizing trusted hardware components. The restoration process leverages the flash translation layer (FTL) in flash storage devices, allowing for efficient recovery by minimizing the amount of data that needs to be restored. The framework operates within a secure environment provided by TrustZone technology, ensuring that the recovery process remains unaffected by compromised ECU operating systems. The report details the implementation and evaluation of the framework in a simulated in-vehicle scenario, highlighting its effectiveness in addressing the urgent need for real-time responses to ECU firmware attacks.