Acute Lower Limb Ischaemia and Atrial Myxoma Case Report

This document is a case report and scoping review that discusses acute lower limb ischaemia (ALI) as a presenting sign of cardiac myxoma (CM) embolisation. It details a case involving a 26-year-old female who presented with bilateral ALI, leading to urgent surgical intervention. The report outlines the methods used for diagnosis, including transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography angiography, which confirmed the presence of a myxomatous embolus. The findings from a systematic review of the literature are also presented, highlighting that between 1989 and 2023, 59 cases of ALI due to CM embolisation were identified. The review notes an in-hospital mortality rate of 12.1% and discusses the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in young patients presenting with cryptogenic ALI. Recommendations for follow-up care and further diagnostic procedures are also included to minimize misdiagnosis and improve patient outcomes.