Subsurface Characteristics of Marine Heat Waves

This research article investigates the subsurface manifestation of marine heat waves (MHWs) in the southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO). It addresses a significant gap in understanding how MHWs, which are known to have severe impacts on marine ecosystems and coastal economies, manifest below the ocean surface. The study utilizes satellite sea surface temperature data and in situ observations from expendable bathythermographs to analyze the temperature characteristics associated with surface-identified MHWs. Key findings indicate that regions with high eddy activity, particularly in the Mozambique Channel and southeast of Madagascar, experience intense and abrupt MHWs. The research highlights the association between the frequency, duration, and intensity of these events with mesoscale activity, particularly anticyclonic eddies, which may facilitate the deep penetration of warm water anomalies. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding the interaction between mesoscale features and subsurface MHW characteristics to improve predictions and management of marine biodiversity in the region.