Economic Impact of Ukrainian Refugees in Poland

This technical report analyzes the economic impact of Ukrainian refugees on Poland's economy following the influx that began in February 2022. It outlines the demographic changes brought about by the refugees, noting that a significant portion consists of women and children. The report details the integration of these refugees into the Polish labor market, highlighting an increase in employment rates from 61% to 69% and a rise in median net wages. It discusses the macroeconomic contributions of refugees, estimating their net impact on Polish GDP at 2.7%. The report also addresses challenges faced by refugees, including over-qualification and barriers to employment in regulated professions. Recommendations for improving labor market integration are provided, such as enhancing language skills and easing occupational licensing requirements. The findings indicate that addressing these challenges could yield substantial economic benefits, potentially adding PLN 6 billion to the economy annually. The report is produced in cooperation with UNHCR and reflects the sole responsibility of Deloitte.