Cryogenic Fiber Optic Assemblies for Spaceflight Environments

This technical report discusses the design, manufacturing, testing, and integration of cryogenic fiber optic assemblies used in spaceflight environments. The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's Photonics Group has been developing these assemblies for nearly 20 years, focusing on their application in extreme conditions, particularly at temperatures as low as 20 Kelvin. The report outlines the system-level approach necessary for maintaining high optical transmission and reliability in these assemblies. It details the design techniques, manufacturing processes, and testing methods that have been refined over the years. Specific examples include ground support equipment for missions such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2). The report emphasizes the importance of addressing all aspects of fiber assembly design and integration to ensure optimal performance in cryogenic environments, including thermal, optical, and mechanical requirements.