Developing a Whole-Systems Approach to Net Zero

This technical report outlines the development of a whole-systems approach to explore pathways to achieving Net Zero greenhouse gas emissions in the UK by 2050. It details the significant progress made in decarbonisation, including the UK's achievement of halving emissions compared to 1990 levels by 2022. The report identifies the challenges that remain, particularly in decarbonising heavy industries and ensuring robust electricity supplies amidst extreme weather. It discusses the potential role of hydrogen as a complementary energy source to electrification, particularly in sectors where low-carbon alternatives are limited. The analysis includes the interactions between hydrogen, electricity, and gas markets, emphasizing the importance of a hydrogen transport network and large-scale storage facilities for establishing a hydrogen market. Key insights are drawn from modelling scenarios that assess the economic implications of hydrogen production and its integration into the energy system, highlighting the necessity for flexible hydrogen production to enhance the value of renewable energy generation.