Telepharmacy Regulations and Impact on Access

This technical report outlines the evolving landscape of telepharmacy, particularly focusing on its role in addressing pharmacy deserts in underserved communities. The report highlights the significant closure of pharmacies in the U.S. between 2010 and 2021, with over 29% shutting down, which has disproportionately affected low-income and minority populations. It details how telepharmacy, defined as remote dispensing supervised by licensed pharmacists through audiovisual technology, can improve access to medications and enhance patient outcomes. The report also discusses the fragmented regulatory environment across states, with 28 states permitting telepharmacy in some form while 22 impose restrictions. Key operational challenges include compliance with varying state regulations, supervision requirements, and licensing for remote dispensing sites. The report emphasizes the need for harmonization of state laws and support for technological innovations to fully realize telepharmacy's potential in improving healthcare access and equity.