Penthera is a software company based in the United States, founded in 2005, that specializes in solutions for video streaming and ad insertion. With a workforce of 11 to 50 employees, the company addresses challenges faced by ad-supported publishers, particularly in the realm of Video On Demand (VOD) streaming. Penthera's primary offering, the 2nd Look® solution, utilizes cloud-based technology to optimize Server-Side Ad Insertion (SSAI) by allowing ad decisions to be deferred until the most effective moments during playback. This approach aims to enhance user experience by reducing video start-up times, minimizing stream abandonment, and improving overall ad performance metrics such as fill rates and render rates. The company’s focus on improving programmatic demand for publishers is evident in its emphasis on ensuring that only ads likely to be viewed are inserted into streams, which can lead to increased revenue per mille (RPM) and better engagement with audiences. Penthera's expertise lies at the intersection of software development and media production, specifically targeting the needs of digital content providers.