Summary
This research article presents a systematic review of the impact of urban excavation activities on air quality, particularly focusing on particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions in the Global South. The study synthesizes data from 60 peer-reviewed articles, highlighting that excavation can produce PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations significantly exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) limits. It details the variations in emissions based on factors such as machinery age and fuel type, and discusses the effectiveness of regulatory frameworks and engineering interventions in mitigating emissions. The article underscores the environmental justice implications, noting that low-income communities are disproportionately affected by excavation-related air pollution. Recommendations include the establishment of targeted regulations, the integration of continuous monitoring systems, and the adoption of energy-efficient dust suppression technologies. The review aims to fill a critical gap in understanding excavation emissions and their implications for urban air quality management in developing economies.
