Cyber Threat Landscape Analysis of India-Pakistan Conflict

This technical report analyzes the evolving cyber threat landscape in the context of the India-Pakistan conflict. It outlines the roles of hacktivist groups and state-aligned threat actors, particularly focusing on APT36, also known as Transparent Tribe, which has been active since around 2013. The report details the shift from traditional cyber espionage tactics to more sophisticated hybrid warfare strategies that blend cyber operations with psychological manipulation. It discusses the motivations behind cyber attacks, including political and social grievances, and highlights specific incidents such as the Pahalgam attack in April 2025, which served as a catalyst for increased cyber activity. The report emphasizes the implications of these cyber operations for regional security and public perception, noting how misinformation campaigns have been utilized to influence narratives and create confusion. It concludes by addressing the strategic evolution of APT36 and its impact on the broader cyber conflict landscape between India and Pakistan.