Rise in Drone Warfare by Non-State Actors in 2025

This technical report analyzes the increasing use of drones by non-state actors and the implications for warfare and security threats in 2025. It outlines how non-state groups have leveraged commercially available drones to challenge conventional military forces. The report details specific instances, such as the use of drones by Mexican transnational criminal organizations for intelligence and attacks, and the interception of drones attempting to smuggle drugs in India. It also discusses the operational flexibility and cost-effectiveness of drones, which have enabled insurgent groups to conduct attacks and reconnaissance missions. The report highlights the potential for drones to serve as a force multiplier for non-state actors, increasing the risks to civilian populations and the possibility of high-profile assassinations. The document emphasizes the evolving landscape of drone warfare and the need for awareness of these emerging threats in security planning.