Extended-Frequency Source Case Studies in Marine Exploration

This technical report presents case studies on the application of extended-frequency marine source technology in deepwater exploration, specifically in the South Atlantic margin basins. The report outlines how this technology enhances data acquisition by providing better low-frequency content for velocity model building while maintaining adequate higher frequencies for imaging. It discusses the challenges faced in these regions, such as strong currents and environmental regulations, which impact productivity and efficiency in seismic surveys. The report details the implementation of the Gemini source, a compact single-element seismic source, and its advantages over conventional source arrays, including improved operational efficiency and reduced environmental impact. Various projects utilizing this technology are documented, highlighting the successful acquisition of data across different configurations, including sparse and dense ocean bottom node (OBN) surveys. The findings suggest that extended-frequency sources may play a crucial role in future seismic acquisition programs, enhancing both exploration and development efforts.