NAZ-Guided 4D Regularization for Seismic Imaging

This technical report presents a Narrow Azimuth (NAZ) guided 4D Fourier-domain regularization workflow aimed at improving spatial continuity in wide-azimuth (WAZ) seismic data. The report outlines the inherent limitations of WAZ acquisition, such as irregular midpoint distributions and crossline offset-dependent coverage gaps, which can degrade imaging quality. The proposed methodology combines Anti-Leakage Fourier Transform (ALFT) regularization with azimuth-aware conditioning to restore spatial continuity while preserving the illumination benefits of WAZ data. The workflow is evaluated through quality control analyses, demonstrating significant improvements in spatial continuity, reduced acquisition footprint, and enhanced imaging quality. The report emphasizes the importance of selectively filling gaps in WAZ data using NAZ data to maintain the integrity of the seismic response. The findings suggest that this approach is scalable and can be integrated into standard processing workflows, making it suitable for large 3D seismic surveys.