Operating Systems for Safety-Critical Applications

This technical report discusses the role of various operating systems, particularly Linux and real-time operating systems (RTOS), in safety-critical applications. It outlines the challenges of using Linux in environments where safety is paramount, such as automotive, aerospace, and healthcare sectors. The report emphasizes that while Linux is prevalent in many non-safety-critical systems, its complexity and lack of inherent safety certifications make it unsuitable for applications where failures can have severe consequences. The document details the requirements for operating systems in these environments, including real-time performance, reliability, and compliance with industry standards like ISO 26262 and DO-178C. It also presents the limitations of Linux, such as certification complexity, lack of pre-certified distributions, and the challenges of maintaining safety over time. The report concludes by discussing various initiatives aimed at adapting Linux for safety-critical use, although it argues that these efforts are unlikely to meet the necessary functional safety requirements.