Laparoscopic-Endoscopic Cooperative Surgery for Gastrointestinal Tumors

This technical report reviews laparoscopic-endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) as a significant advancement in the precision surgical treatment of gastrointestinal tumors. The article outlines the evolution of LECS techniques, including the transition from classic LECS to non-exposure procedures, which effectively address the balance between oncological radicality and the risk of peritoneal contamination. It details the advantages of LECS in treating gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors, early gastric cancer, and complex colorectal and duodenal tumors, emphasizing its benefits in precise localization, minimally invasive resection, and organ function preservation. The report also discusses the integration of advanced technologies such as fluorescence navigation and three-dimensional visualization, which enhance surgical precision. However, challenges remain, including a steep learning curve, lack of consensus on indications, and insufficient high-level evidence. The article concludes by suggesting future directions for LECS, focusing on the integration of intelligent technologies and the need for standardized training and high-quality prospective studies to improve patient outcomes.