OT Security Incidents and Remote Access Vulnerabilities

This document is an eBook that outlines the security incidents in operational technology (OT) environments related to remote access in 2025. It details how remote access, while essential for operations, has become a significant attack surface due to its implementation for convenience rather than security. The eBook presents three notable incidents, including a cyberattack on Jaguar Land Rover that resulted in a month-long manufacturing shutdown, unauthorized access at Nucor Corporation, and a hacking attempt on a Florida water treatment system. Each incident is analyzed for critical failure points, revealing vulnerabilities such as unauthorized access, weak identity governance, and insufficient monitoring. The document emphasizes the need for a shift in remote access strategies, advocating for principles such as least privilege by default, just-in-time access, and explicit trust boundaries to enhance security. It concludes by urging organizations to rebuild remote access on a foundation that prioritizes security to prevent future incidents.