Data-Driven Framework for 911 Response Prioritization

This technical report presents a study conducted by researchers from ESO and Johns Hopkins University in collaboration with eight EMS agencies to develop a data-driven framework for prioritizing 911 responses. The report outlines the challenges faced by EMS agencies in the U.S., including increased call volumes and decreased personnel, which necessitate effective prioritization of emergency calls. The research involved analyzing 1.7 million incidents from January 2021 to June 2023, utilizing the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS) to evaluate time-critical interventions and hospital outcomes. A multi-round survey was conducted to reach a consensus on time-critical EMS interventions and emergency department outcomes. The findings indicate that higher dispatch Determinant levels correlate with increased time-critical interventions, suggesting that a systematic approach to prioritization could enhance resource allocation. The report concludes with recommendations for updating dispatch protocols and improving resource management to ensure timely responses to critical emergencies.