Cyber Hard Problems Report on U.S. Cybersecurity Challenges

This report details critical areas impacting U.S. cybersecurity, presenting ten identified 'cyber hard problems' that require focused attention. The document outlines the increasing complexity of cyber technologies and the sophistication of cyberattacks that challenge current security measures. It updates previous lists from 1995 and 2005, incorporating new factors such as widespread technology adoption and rising interconnectivity. Each identified problem is accompanied by a discussion of the necessary progress to address it, targeting federal agencies, industry leaders, and researchers. The report emphasizes the importance of reliable risk assessment methods, secure development practices, and effective supply chain management. It also highlights the need for improved human-system interaction, information provenance, and operational security. By addressing these challenges, the report aims to guide stakeholders in prioritizing investments and aligning efforts to enhance the security and resilience of digital infrastructure.