Fossil-Free Energy System and Chemical Industry in the Netherlands

This technical report evaluates the feasibility of achieving a fossil-free energy system and chemical industry in the Netherlands by 2050, in alignment with EU climate goals. It outlines the current energy consumption patterns, where industry accounts for 46% of total final consumption and contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. The study employs the OPERA energy system model to analyze various scenarios, comparing a climate-neutral reference scenario with two fossil-free scenarios. It emphasizes the need for substantial investments in renewable energy sources and infrastructure adaptations to transition from fossil fuels to renewable alternatives. The report details the projected increase in electricity demand and the necessary scale-up of renewable hydrogen production, highlighting the challenges faced by the chemical sector in reducing its reliance on fossil-based feedstocks. The findings indicate that transitioning to a fossil-free system will incur additional costs, primarily impacting the industrial sector, and will require aggressive action and strategic imports of renewable resources.